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Ma Yifu and Western Studies
Author: Wang Teng
Source: “Confucius Research” No. 2, 2022
Abstract: Ma Yifu is generally regarded as a simplified Chinese language, generalized Western studies, and then studied Confucianism. However, according to the data, Ma Yifu’s grasp of foreign languages is not as good as “exquisite”, and he has not reached the level of entering the classroom for Western learning. The reputation of “learning Chinese and Western” is very good at Ma Yifu, but it is only for later studies or for entertainment. Ma Yifu’s contempt and even obsession with Western learning is directly related to his limitations and single aspects of understanding of Western learning.
Keywords: Ma Yifu; Western learning; foreign language; “sex”; “recitation”; “Six Arts”;
Author Introduction: Wang Feng, male, born in 1992, from Liaocheng, Shandong, was a lecturer at the Zhejiang Financial Major Marxist Theory. The purpose of the discussion was to modern Confucianism
Ma Yifu, the chief teacher, is a recognized modern Chinese Confucian scholar. He also adopted Buddhist and his masters and was classified as “Six Arts”. His academic thinking process has evolved from going from middle to west, drowning in Buddhism, and finally studying Confucianism. When he was young, Ma Yifu studied american and japan for nearly two years, and took the initiative to read oriental classics. But what is surprising is that when he returned to China, he made a fusion and acceptance of Buddhism based on the Confucian position. He only occasionally said it to Western learning, and never had a positive and profound discussion. In his late years, he even showed his rejection of Western learning. In this way, Western learning can be said to be in a hurry in its thinking, and it seems that it is a sight to be on the road and looking at the flowers. In the past, Ma Yifu’s discussions were all to emphasize his foreign language skills and his thirst for Western learning during travel, which gave people the impression of “income and expenditure on Western learning and returning to the Six Paths”. So, can Ma Yifu’s grasp of foreign languages in numbers be truly “exquisite”? What is the scope of Western learning? What is the level of understanding? Can you really “learn Chinese and Western” as you say? In this regard, most previous research and discussions have not been compared [1].
First of this article, if Ma Yifu’s foreign language talent is tested, it is as Fengxing said, “exquisite and numerous national characters.” Secondly, based on the ten-month reading and career reading in the United States detailed in his diary, he will evaluate his experience in studying Western learning, as well as his mental reasons and cues for finally giving up Western learning, especially his level of grasping Western learning. Finally, by summarizing Ma Yifu’s rebuke of Western Studies after returning to China, he showed his understanding of Western Studies, so that Ma Yifu’s academic profile can be restored more clearly.
1. Analysis of Ma Yifu’s foreign language talent
Just as first-class Chinese scholars have a high Chinese standard, any Chinese student who is interested in Western learning should also have a considerable foreign language talent. Not to mention, in the era when Ma Yifu lived, the Chinese translation of Western languages was not yet complete and perfect. If you want to learn Western learning, you must grasp foreign languages. If there is no translationPreparing network comparison and lacking foreign language skills, so he must be unable to study foreign civilizations. Confucian scholars who were recognized by later generations as good at studying Chinese and Western cultures and good at comparing Chinese and Western cultures, such as Rong Youlan, Mou Zongsan, Tang Junyi, etc., all had high-level English translation and writing skills. Even if you are in a close position of academic practice, you also study English by yourself in order to have a deeper understanding of Western learning. It can be said that the level of clarity of Western learning is directly determined by the foreign language Female College Students’ Care Club.
Many of the research and discussions about Ma Yifu highly praised his foreign language level, such as “Essential English, Japanese, German and other foreign languages”[2] and “Essential English, French, German, Japanese, Spanish, Latin languages, etc. Recommended Seven Kingdoms”[3]. In the introduction to his life at Ma Yifu Memorial Hall in Hangzhou, he also called him “the language of seven countries”. If so, Ma Yifu naturally grasped the key to entering the Western learning area. Short-term maintenance However, in the assessment, the above evaluation may be suspected of being praised.
Regarding Ma Yifu’s experience in learning foreign language in his early years, the statements of the various editions are different. The earlier “Ma Yifu Chronology” records: “Go to Shanghai to learn English and French,… to learn German three times from japan’s friend Ulong.” [4] The later “Ma Yifu Chronology Master” mentioned that he “traveled to Shanghai, studied English, French and Latin,… to learn Japanese and German from japan’s friend Ulongshan.” [5] The latest “Simplified Chinese Essays of Teacher Ma Yifu” [6] says: “Live in Hongkou, I am English and French. … During the US period, I…learned English. … I also traveled to Japan (Japan), … to learn Japanese and German.” [6] However, Ma Yifu did not clearly explain the learning time of various languages and what level of grasp they achieved, nor did they provide sufficient evidence.
During his travels to the United States, Ma Yifu learned English from two americans one after another. However, the teacher he learned seems to have no quality. According to his own records, the first one is “the teaching methods taught by the third and fourth-year-olds” [7], and the second one is “the teaching methods are slightly better than the former” [7]. Otherwise, Ma Yifu once recalled: “A great Italian man wrote the Political Crime “Political Crime”, and I re-replicated it according to the Japanese version.” [8] From this we can see that he can read Japanese. However, Ma Yifu remembers that “Political Convictions” [9] was actually written by Frenchman Louis Proal, not from “a big Italian”. In the letter to his uncle He Zhiyi, Ma Yifu also mentioned, “The nephew stayed in North America and had a little German writing. ”[10]
The recollection of the comprehensive and Ma Yifu’s memories, and his foreign language learning experience is as follows: In 1901, Ma Yifu began to learn English, French and Latin in Shanghai at the age of nineteen; two years later, as an employee of the Qing Dynasty, he arrived in Ameri in July 1903 as an employee of the Qing Dynasty. can, while working, continue to learn English and German; after ten months of traveling to the United States, he left american in May 1904, returned to the country and changed his family and then went to Japan (Japan), and learned Japanese and German in half a year in Japan. At the end of 1904, Ma Yifu returned to China, and since then he was in 191BaozhuangAt 2 years, I went to Nanyang for about a month for the assessment, and never stepped out of the country.
In short, from 1901 to 1904, I traveled to the United States for ten months, and traveled to Japan for half a year. Although I may not have had any experience in learning foreign languages before and after, I really specialized in foreign language learning, but here During these three years, Ma Yifu did not only speak foreign languages during these three years. Even during his ten-month period, he was a member of St. Louis sent by the Qing Dynasty to practice in St. Louis, and he could only practice in his leisure time outside of business.
So, in just three years, what level can Ma Yifu achieve in his foreign language? First, based on his diary, he found that the teaching level of the two american teachers was quite good官网 High. As for his experience in learning Japanese and German from Japanese friends during his six-year stay in Japan, it is difficult to verify now, and it seems that there is no cleverness to prove his level of confidence.
At the beginning of his return, Ma Yifu was still trying to translate books. For example, in 1907, he “re-re-translated… “Political Convictions and Evils”,… and translated Russian Du Situi’s “Zhengyi”. ”[11] This is also the last record of his translation, and this time was almost a dividing point in his return to traditional academics. We do not know whether he could continue to study foreign languages to achieve “exquisite”. However, based on the current literature, in Ma Yifu’s translation, as long as “Political Convictions” [12], “Justice” [13] and “The English Poetry of Thanksgiving” [14] have been preserved to this day. Otherwise, he once wrote “Socialism Ex
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